A Beginner’s Guide to HOAs: What to Know About Homeowners Associations

HOAs play a key role in creating great communities. While part of their role is to make and enforce rules and restrictions, they’re also responsible for preserving curb appeal, maintaining neighborhood amenities, and creating a sense of community.

In this guide, we’ll explore what HOAs are, how they work, and what they can offer to enhance your lifestyle.

Easton Park Community, Austin, Texas

What is an HOA?

A homeowners association (HOA) is a group established to manage and maintain a residential community, such as a subdivision, condominium building, or master-planned neighborhood. The HOA is typically made up of elected residents who volunteer their time to help ensure the community looks great and runs smoothly.

When you buy a home in an HOA-managed community, you automatically become a member. HOA membership is tied to the property—not the individual homeowner—so it transfers with ownership.

As a member, you'll pay monthly or quarterly dues that often help maintain shared spaces and amenities, and you’ll agree to follow the community’s established guidelines. These guidelines are outlined in a document called the CC&Rs (Covenants, Conditions & Restrictions) in the U.S., and condo declarations and bylaws (where applicable) in Canada.

How Do HOAs Function in Canada?

In Canada, HOA-style governance depends on the housing type and province. Many condo-style communities are managed by Condominium Corporations with legal authority under provincial law, while some master-planned neighborhoods are overseen by Residents Associations.

These associations may collect annual dues to maintain amenities or landscaping but typically do not have the same enforcement powers as U.S. HOAs. If you're buying a home in Canada, be sure to review the community’s legal structure and governing documents before purchasing.

Wendell Falls Community, Wendell, North Carolina

Why Do HOAs Exist?

HOAs are designed to protect and enhance the value of homes in the community. When people live close together, shared standards—like keeping yards tidy or limiting exterior changes—help maintain a consistent look and feel. But HOAs do more than just set rules. Many also maintain landscaping, organize events, and manage shared amenities like pools, parks, and clubhouses.

The result? A cleaner, more connected neighborhood that feels cared for—and often, a better long-term investment.

What Do HOA Rules Typically Cover?

Every HOA has its own set of guidelines, which lay out the community’s expectations. These rules help preserve the neighborhood’s character and can include:

• Exterior paint colors and landscaping guidelines

• Limits on short-term rentals or home-based businesses

• Pet policies (like breed restrictions or leash rules)

• Parking regulations for guests, RVs, or street parking

• Holiday décor or signage restrictions

Before purchasing, it’s a good idea to review these documents so you understand the expectations and can ensure they align with your lifestyle.

Rockland Park Community, Calgary, Alberta

What’s the Difference Between a Master Association and a Subassociation?

In larger communities, you might come across both a master association and one or more subassociations. Think of it like different levels of government: subassociations handle the day-to-day details for a smaller section of the community, while the master association oversees shared amenities and broader initiatives across the entire neighborhood.

This layered approach allows each area to maintain its unique character while benefiting from the larger community’s offerings.

What Do HOA Fees Cover?

Your HOA dues go toward maintaining and improving the shared parts of your neighborhood. While each HOA is different, here are some of the typical expenses covered:

• Landscaping of common areas

• Community pools and spas

• Clubhouses or recreation centers

• Parks, trails, and green spaces

• Community events and programming

These services not only keep your surroundings looking beautiful, but they also contribute to a lifestyle centered around convenience, connection, and pride of ownership.

Alamar Community, Avondale, Arizona

What to Ask Before Buying in an HOA

Before purchasing a home in an HOA community, be sure to ask:

• How much are the HOA dues, and what do they cover?

• Are there any planned increases or special assessments?

• What amenities are included?

• Can I see the CC&Rs and financial documents?

• Are there any current disputes or legal issues involving the HOA?

Getting clarity upfront can help you feel confident in your decision and avoid surprises down the line.

Snowden Bridge Community, Stephenson, Virginia

Do I Have to Pay HOA Fees? What If I Don’t?

Yes, HOA dues are mandatory for homeowners in the community. If you miss a payment, you’ll likely receive a reminder and may be charged a late fee. In the U.S., continued non-payment can lead to more serious consequences, such as restricted access to amenities or legal action, including a lien against your property.

In Canada, enforcement can vary by province and the type of association.

That said, your HOA board typically wants to work with homeowners—not against them—so communication is key if you ever run into challenges.

Can Residents Get Involved?

Yes! Most HOAs welcome community involvement. Homeowners can attend meetings, vote on important issues, and even serve on the board. Being an active participant in your HOA gives you a voice in how your neighborhood is maintained and how dues are allocated, making it a great way to connect with neighbors and shape the future of your community.

New Haven Community, Ontario, California

Benefits of Living in an HOA Community

Let’s take a look at some of the top perks of living in a community with an HOA:

• Beautifully maintained common areas

• Access to shared amenities like pools, parks, or clubhouses

• Consistent community standards that support property values

• Events and programs that bring neighbors together

• Support with conflict resolution or maintenance issues

• Opportunities to get involved and help guide community decisions

Of course, there are some considerations too—like monthly dues or community guidelines that might limit exterior changes to your home. But for many homeowners, the benefits far outweigh the tradeoffs.

Barefoot Community, Firestone, Colorado

Whether you're drawn to the idea of community programming, love the idea of living near a pool without the upkeep, or simply want to live in a well-maintained neighborhood, an HOA community could be a great fit. The key is knowing what to expect and understanding the unique features of each community.

If you’re interested in the benefits of master-planned communities and the role of HOAs within them, check out our blog on The Benefits of Living in a Master-Planned Community or connect with us directly—we’re happy to help you find the best place to call home.

The information provided in this blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be considered investment, professional, or legal advice. Please consult a professional before making real estate decisions. Brookfield Residential is not responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided.